[cc lang=css]
@media only screen
and (min-device-width : 320px)
and (max-device-width : 480px) {
body {
background: red;
}
}
[/cc]

Com isso estou dizendo: SE (ι um dipositivo de tela) E (sua largura estα entre 320 e 480), o <body> terα um background vermelho.

O site csstricks.com nos deu esse fantαstico snippet

[cc lang=css]
/* Smartphones (portrait and landscape)  */
@media only screen
and (min-device-width : 320px)
and (max-device-width : 480px) {
/* Styles */
}
/* Smartphones (landscape)  */
@media only screen
and (min-width : 321px) {
/* Styles */
}
/* Smartphones (portrait)  */
@media only screen
and (max-width : 320px) {
/* Styles */
}
/* iPads (portrait and landscape)  */
@media only screen
and (min-device-width : 768px)
and (max-device-width : 1024px) {
/* Styles */
}
/* iPads (landscape)  */
@media only screen
and (min-device-width : 768px)
and (max-device-width : 1024px)
and (orientation : landscape) {
/* Styles */
}
/* iPads (portrait)  */
@media only screen
and (min-device-width : 768px)
and (max-device-width : 1024px)
and (orientation : portrait) {
/* Styles */
}
/* Desktops and laptops  */
@media only screen
and (min-width : 1224px) {
/* Styles */
}
/* Large screens  */
@media only screen
and (min-width : 1824px) {
/* Styles */
}
/* iPhone 4  */
@media
only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5),
only screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5) {
/* Styles */
}
html {background:url(images/body.gif);}
body {margin:0; font-size:12px; line-height:20px; font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; color:#FFFFFF; background:url(images/body_bckg.gif) repeat-x;}
a {color:#EE4400; text-decoration:none;}
a:hover {text-decoration:underline;}

#container {background:url(images/main_bckg.jpg) center top no-repeat; width:1000px; margin:0 auto;}

#logo {font-size:24px; font-family:"Impact", "Tahoma", Arial, "Geneva", sans-serif; padding:60px 100px 60px 140px;}
#logo a {color:#FFFFFF; text-decoration:none; text-transform:uppercase;}
#menu {height:40px; text-align:center;}
#menu a {color:#FFFFFF; font-size:12px; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:none; margin:0 8px; text-transform:lowercase;}
#menu a:hover {color:#000000;}

#main {margin:0 110px; float:left; background:url(images/content_bckg.jpg) no-repeat #c225ba; min-height:400px; display:inline;}
#text {margin:20px 220px 0 40px;}
#text ul {padding:0; margin:10px 0 10px 40px;}
#text li {list-style:none; padding-left:15px; background:url(images/li.gif) no-repeat 0px 8px;}
h1 {margin:20px 0 0 0; text-transform:uppercase; font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size:22px; font-weight:normal;}
#text p {margin:10px 0;}
#sidebar {float:right; padding:20px 30px 0 30px; width:170px;}
#sidebar h2 {font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin:0 0 20px 0; text-transform:uppercase; font-size:18px; font-weight:normal;}
#sidebar ul {margin:0; padding:0;}
#sidebar li {list-style:none; border-bottom:1px solid #b961c9; padding:3px 2px;}
#sidebar li:hover {background-color:#9819a2;}
#sidebar a {text-decoration:none; color:#ff22c4;}

#footer {padding:0 110px; height:169px; clear:both; background:url(images/footer_bckg.jpg) center top no-repeat;}
#menu_footer {color:#7A2200; font-size:11px; padding:40px 0 0 30px;}
#menu_footer a {color:#FFFFFF; text-transform:lowercase;}
#left_footer {float:left; padding:60px 0 0 20px; font-size:12px; color:#FFFFFF;}
#left_footer a {color:#FFFFFF;}
#right_footer {float:right;	padding:60px 20px 0 0; font-size:12px; text-align:right; color:#FFFFFF;}
#right_footer a {color:#FFFFFF;}
[/cc]